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Transplantation · September 2026 external evidence brief

Machine perfusion and transplantation

A focused evidence brief across liver, kidney and lung transplantation. This page sits inside the separate Scientific Evidence Relevant to BHOC & Transplant Oxygen Delivery layer and is not part of the historical HBOC / Hemopure catalogue.

Evidence boundary: the studies summarized here do not evaluate BHOC and do not demonstrate BHOC efficacy.

Machine perfusion is increasingly used not only to support organs during preservation and transport, but also to assess viability, extend decision time and manage higher-risk grafts. The studies below are useful because they make oxygen-delivery, perfusion and graft-function questions measurable.

Background: contemporary liver perfusion practice

LiverInternational cohortHOPE vs NMP

International real-world comparison of HOPE and NMP

Population: 954 NMP-treated and 1,202 HOPE-treated grafts.

The study compared contemporary HOPE and NMP practice with risk-adjusted analyses while showing substantial differences in donor-risk profiles and treatment selection.

Boundary: real-world cohort evidence, not a randomized comparison and not BHOC evidence.
LiverMulticenter registryNMP

National Organ Perfusion Registry

Population: 545 NMP liver transplants across nine U.S. centers.

Perfusion practices varied across centers. The study reported a 90-day death-censored graft failure rate of 1.7% and provides a real-world view of NMP logistics and use.

Boundary: descriptive registry evidence without a randomized control group; not BHOC evidence.

September 2026 evidence update

LiverMeta-analysisHOPE vs SCS

Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion Versus Static Cold Storage

Population: 8 randomized trials, 984 adult liver transplant recipients.

HOPE was associated with lower early allograft dysfunction, primary non-function, major complications and biliary complications. One-year graft survival was comparable, while retransplantation was lower after HOPE.

Why it matters: strong evidence that oxygenated preservation can modify early graft outcomes and ischemia-reperfusion-related morbidity.

Boundary: not a BHOC study and does not establish a role for BHOC in perfusion.
KidneyRetrospective cohortHMP

High-KDPI kidney machine-perfusion parameters

Population: 71 recipients of kidneys with KDPI ≥85.

Pre-specified flow/resistance groups did not show statistically significant differences in one-year renal function, graft survival or patient survival.

Why it matters: supports testing whether perfusion-device measurements actually predict tissue-level and clinical benefit.

Boundary: single-center observational evidence; not a BHOC or oxygen-carrier study.
LungOPTN analysisTA-NRP

Lung transplantation after thoracoabdominal regional perfusion

Population: DCD lung transplantation comparing 1,364 standard rapid recovery and 261 TA-NRP recipients.

One- and three-year survival were comparable. After adjustment, TA-NRP recipients had lower odds of ECMO use at 72 hours.

Why it matters: extends the research map into regional perfusion, procurement physiology and organ-specific preservation.

Boundary: retrospective registry evidence; not a BHOC or oxygen-carrier study.
What is changing: transplantation increasingly uses perfusion as a measurable platform for preservation, donor selection, organ assessment and reperfusion-risk management. The scientific opportunity for BHOC is to define testable oxygen-delivery questions inside these workflows, not to infer efficacy from them.

Relevance to future oxygen-delivery research

These studies identify a research environment in which oxygen availability, tissue-level injury, perfusion quality, viability and graft function can be measured directly.

For future Precision Oxygen Therapeutics research, the question is whether additional oxygen-delivery capability can be evaluated within established transplantation workflows using organ-specific safety and functional endpoints.

The objective is not to replace transplantation or machine-perfusion systems. It is to test whether a defined oxygen-delivery function can contribute to graft preservation, assessment or recovery.

Evidence boundary: this page summarizes external transplantation research. It is not a BHOC clinical study, regulatory claim or treatment recommendation.

Primary sources

Ellouze A, Tzedakis S, Zorkot MA, et al. 2026. Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion Versus Static Cold Storage in Liver Transplantation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Clinical Transplantation. DOI ↗ · PubMed ↗
Foster CE, Filardi KFXC, Hanna J, et al. 2026. Machine Perfusion Parameters and 1-Year Outcomes in High KDPI Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. DOI ↗ · PubMed ↗
O'Neill J, Gregorio PHP, Hassaballa A, et al. 2026. Early-to-Midterm Outcomes of Lung Transplantation Following Procurement with Thoracoabdominal Regional Perfusion. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. DOI ↗ · PubMed ↗
Pfister M, Eden J, Rasel H, et al. 2026. Real-World Analysis of Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion and Normothermic Machine Perfusion in Liver Transplantation. Annals of Surgery. DOI ↗ · PubMed ↗
Cortez AR, Loh WS, Sheskey S, et al. 2026. Real-World Use of Normothermic Machine Perfusion in Liver Transplantation. Clinical Transplantation. DOI ↗ · PubMed ↗